![]() ![]() ![]() Moreover, children’s performance seems to be affected by socioeconomic status and sex, with better scores associated to higher socioeconomic status and to male sex, although the results are not entirely consistent (Cakan, 2003 Cecchini & Pizzamiglio, 1975 Forns-Santacana et al., 1993 Karp et al., 1969 Witkin et al., 1967). The ability of disembedding figures undergoes developmental changes across childhood, with younger children being less able to detect embedded figures from the background, as indexed by both time and accuracy measures (Amador-Campos & Kirchner-Nebot, 1997 Cecchini & Pizzamiglio, 1975 Goodenough & Eagle, 1963 Witkin et al., 1967). The most known version is that developed by Witkin et al. Following the original Gottschaldt’s Hidden Figure Test (GHFT), different versions of the Embedded Figures test have been devised, in which individuals are required to identify a target (simple) shape within complex designs. The test material is a series of meaningless geometrical patterns in which a simpler geometrical figure is embedded, and the task requirement is to pencil it in. Gottschaldt ( 1926, 1929) introduced the Embedded Figure Test as a suitable measure of the ability to disentangle a figure from the background. It has been classically demonstrated that, when participants are required to search for a simple figure (local level) integrated in a larger one (global level), their task is more difficult if the lines of the simple figure belong perceptually to a different visual configuration within the complex figure, an effect early referred to as “embeddedness” by Gottschaldt ( 1926, 1929). Figure disembedding ability is the capacity to visually locate and detect local elements immersed within a global configural shape (Witkin, 1950 Witkin et al., 1971). ![]()
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